Common diseases
in humans

A disease is, to put it simply, any abnormality of an organism’s structure or function that does not directly arise from physical harm. Disease appears as a direct result of a biological system’s molecular and cellular functioning being affected.

Let’s discuss a few of the most common diseases:

Allergies

An immunological reaction to normally harmful molecules called allergens causes allergies.

Causes

Individuals who suffer from allergies have very sensitive immune systems that react to allergens.
Usual allergens include:

• Pollen,
• Fungus,
• Latex,
• Fur from pets.

Flu and Cold

Among people, the most common diseases are influenza (flu) and colds.

Causes

These two ailments affect your nose, throat, and lungs as they are upper respiratory infections. Viral inflammation of the nasal and throat membranes is the cause of both colds and the flu.
The majority of these virus transmissions happen through hand-to-hand contact.

Conjunctivitis (“pink eye“)

An inflammation of the transparent membrane (conjunctiva) lining your eyelids and partially inside your eyeballs is known as conjunctivitis.

Causes

Many factors are related to conjunctivitis. It might be caused by a chemical agent (smoke, chlorine, lens solution, etc.), a bacterial or viral infection, or an allergic reaction to pollen or fur from animals.

Diarrhea

Usually loose or watery stool are a sign of diarrhea. The second most common cause of death for children under five is diarrheal illness. It is curable as well as preventative.

Causes

• Bacterial illness caused on by polluted water or food
• Parasites have a way to enter the body through water or food.
• Medication, like some antibiotics or magnesium-containing antacids
• Intolerance to certain foods, like not being able to digest lactose, the sugar found in milk
• viral infection.
• Anxiety or a panic crisis
• consume more liquor
• cramping with menstruation

Headaches

Although everyone sometimes gets a mild headache, you should definitely get treatment if you are in severe pain or if your headaches are happening abnormally frequently. To identify the source of your headache, you’ll need to conduct some experimentation as there are various causes that vary from person to person. Thankfully, most headaches are primary headaches, meaning they are not caused by underlying medical conditions. Cluster, tension-type, and migraine are the three most prevalent types.

A cluster headache is characterized by sharp, penetrating pain that is localized to one area of the head, usually the eye. The number of cases of tension-type headaches and migraines is significantly higher. Tension headaches are now referred to as “tension-type” headaches because anxiety can also result from bad posture, sadness, and even sexual activity in besides stress. In fact, a link has been found in recent research between so-called “tension” headaches and low serotonin levels.

Causes

Often, the source of a headache is hard to determine. Pain always has a purpose, even though it could seem like your head is pumping for no reason at all. Keep a journal to determine the source of your headaches. Note the time and date of each headache, the location of the pain, its type and intensity, and any known triggers (medication, stress, food, menstruation, etc.) for the headaches.

Some of the many causes of headaches:

• Stress, both physical and emotional
• Tiredness
• Irregular sleeping patterns (either too much or too little sleep)
• Missing meals
• Coffee consumption or absence
• Hormonal variables, including menstruation
• Nitrate-containing foods, such burger
• Liquor
• A few medications
• A few items, such as aspartame, aged cheeses, chocolate, pickled foods, red wine, and nuts
• Changes in the altitude, time zone, or weather

Appendicitis

The painful swelling of the appendix is called appendicitis. The appendix is a tiny, delicate pouch that is between 5 and 10 cm (2 and 4 inches) long. It has a connection to the large intestine, which is where feces or stools are produced.
The specific purpose of our appendix is unknown, but removing of it will not harm.
The most common initial symptom of appendicitis is an irregular pain in the middle of the belly.

After a few hours, the pain moves to the lower right side, which is usually where the appendix is located, and gets worse and more chronic.
Walking, coughing, or applying pressure to this area could increase the pain. You might feel unwell, lose hunger, and occasionally have diarrhea.

Asthma

difficulty breathing, heaviness in the chest, coughing, and wheezing are all symptoms of asthma, a prevalent long-term illness.
Each experiences these symptoms to a different level. Most people can usually manage their asthma successfully, while some may experience more permanent problems.
Asthma symptoms can sometimes increase suddenly or gradually. Physicians refer to this as a “asthma attack,” however they occasionally use the word “exacerbation.”

causes

Inflammation of the tiny tubes, known as bronchi, that transport air into and out of the lungs is the root cause of asthma. The bronchi will be more sensitive and irritated than usual if you have asthma.
The muscles around your airways narrow, the production of sticky mucus (phlegm) increases, and your airways narrow when you come into contact with an object that irritates your lungs (known as a trigger).

Common asthma triggers consist of:

• dust mites in homes
• animal dander
• pollen
• Smoke from cigarettes
• exercise
• Infections caused by viruses

It is known that having a family history of asthma increases your risk of developing the illness, but the exact cause of asthma in certain individuals is still unknown.
All ages are affected to developing asthma, including young children and the elderly.

Breast cancer (female)

The most common type of cancer is breast cancer.
Eight out of ten women who get breast cancer are over 50, but it can also strike younger women and, in a few cases, men.
Breast cancer can be kept from spreading to other areas of the body if it is treated quickly enough.

About breasts

The breasts are composed of thousands of tiny glands called lobules that produce milk, as well as fat and connective tissue. Breastfeeding is made possible by the delivery of the baby’s milk to the nipple through tiny channels called ducts.
The billions of microscopic cells that make up the human body typically grow and reproduce in an ordered manner. Only when and where they are required are new cells generated. This controlled mechanism goes awry in cancer, causing cells to multiply and expand out of control.

Breast cancer (male)

Although it’s commonly believed that breast cancer exclusively affects women, men can also get it.
Men experience it far less frequently than women.
The little breast tissue that men have behind their nipples is where the cancer begins to grow. A large, painless tumor in one breast is the most typical sign.
However, gynaecomastia is the disorder responsible for the great majority of breast cysts. This is a common non-cancerous disorder that causes enlargement of the male breast tissue.
Nipple issues in men, such as nipple retraction or discharge, can also be brought on by breast cancer.

causes

While the exact cause of male breast cancer is unknown, the following factors are known to raise your risk of getting the disease:

• Age: Men over 60 make up the majority of cases.
• Having a male or female family history of breast cancer.
• A body mass index (BMI) of 30 or higher is considered obese.

Chickenpox

A common and mild infection that can afflict people of any age, chickenpox primarily affects youngsters.

Causes

The varicella-zoster virus is the culprit behind chickenpox, also referred to as varicella in medical terminology. It spreads fast and quickly from an infected person.
Children under the age of ten are most commonly affected by chickenpox. Chickenpox typically attacks children in the winter and spring, especially from March to May.

Chest infection

Chest infections are common in the fall and winter, particularly after a cold or the flu.
Some may be dangerous or even deadly but the majority are moderate and resolve on their own.

causes

An infection of the lungs or airways is known as a chest infection. Pneumonia and bronchitis are the two most common forms of chest infections.
While bacteria cause most cases of pneumonia, viruses cause the majority of cases of bronchitis.
When an infected individual coughs or sneezes, the virus usually spreads. This causes microscopic fluid droplets carrying the virus or bacteria to be released into the atmosphere, where people can inhale them. Also if you cough or sneeze on your hand, an object, or a surface and someone else shakes your hand or touches those surfaces before touching their mouth or nose, they could also come into contact with the illnesses.

Serious chest infections are more common in certain populations of persons, including:

• Infants and young children
• Youngsters facing developmental issues
• People who are extremely obese
• Senior citizens
• pregnant women
• Smokers
• those suffering from serious illnesses such chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), renal disease, diabetes, asthma, or cystic fibrosis
• People who have compromised immune systems due to recent medical conditions, organ transplants, high-dose steroids, chemotherapy, or undetected HIV infection.

Constipation

Constipation is a common condition that can impact people of any age. It can indicate that you’re having stools that are not regular or that you’re having trouble emptying your digestive tract entirely.
Your stool may also be abnormally large or little, hard and lumpy, and constipated.
Each experiences constipation to a different level. While many people only suffer constipation temporarily, for others it can be a chronic (long-lasting) illness that affects quality of life and results in severe pain and discomfort.

causes

It can be hard to identify the exact cause of constipation. Still, a variety of factors, such as the following, contribute to the condition:

• Consuming foods low in fiber, such as flour, fruits, and vegetables
• a modification to your daily schedule or way of life, such changing your eating habits
• resisting the desire to  pass stools
• complications of specific drugs
• Not consuming enough liquids
• Sadness or anxiety

Constipation in children can be caused by a poor diet, anxiety about using toilets, and issues with potty training.

Coronavirus (COVID-19)

Coronaviruses and other respiratory diseases, like the flu, can spread quickly and touch some people with serious medical conditions. Immunizations are highly successful in preventing major coronavirus-related disease. However, there’s still a danger that you could contract coronavirus or another respiratory illness and infect others.
The majority of people no longer require a coronavirus test. If you’re sick, try to stay at home as much as possible to stop the virus from spreading. If you have a medical condition that allows you for coronavirus treatments, you can still get tested.